The danger of grilling with charcoal indoors

Grilling indoors with lumpwood charcoal is extremely dangerous, as its combustion releases significant amounts of toxic gases, mainly carbon monoxide (CO). Even when windows and doors are opened “for safety reasons,” lethal concentrations of CO can quickly accumulate. This risk also applies to devices marketed as “indoor grills” and to cookware such as so-called hot pots that use charcoal as a heat source, when operated in enclosed spaces.

Scientific findings and experimental results

Germany’s Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), in collaboration with the German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), conducted extensive research to investigate carbon monoxide concentrations produced by charcoal grills and open fires used indoors. Experiments using just 800 grams of charcoal showed that in an enclosed space of 19 cubic meters—comparable to a small living room or garage—CO concentrations exceeded 3000 ppm within two hours. Measurements taken both near the grill and under the ceiling showed no significant differences, as the combustion gases spread evenly throughout the room. At such concentration levels, inhalation of ambient air can cause loss of consciousness within minutes.

Health risks and safety recommendations

Studies clearly demonstrate how rapidly this odorless gas can reach life-threatening levels. The time between the first noticeable symptoms and loss of consciousness is very short, and in many cases, affected individuals initially show no symptoms at all. Despite appearing healthy, bodily functions can suddenly fail, leading to collapse. Even low concentrations pose a serious risk, as carbon monoxide remains trapped in enclosed spaces and accumulates in the bloodstream. For this reason, BAM and BfR strongly advise against using charcoal indoors for grilling, cooking, or heating. In professional catering environments where charcoal is used, powerful extractor systems and proper ventilation are essential to ensure sufficient oxygen supply and the effective removal of dangerous carbon monoxide gases.

Source:
https://www.bfr.bund.de/en/press_information/2013/27/grilling_with_charcoal_is_definitely_not_an_indoor_pursuit_-187998.html